{"id":233,"date":"2025-01-01T13:46:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-01T12:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/?p=233"},"modified":"2025-02-05T01:52:23","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T00:52:23","slug":"uvaha-nad-salkem-singularit-aneb-existuji-cerne-diry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/vzdelavani\/uvaha-nad-salkem-singularit-aneb-existuji-cerne-diry\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00davaha nad \u0161\u00e1lkem singularit  aneb existuj\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>\u010cas a gravitace v okol\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle obecn\u00e9 teorie relativity siln\u00e1 gravitace kolem \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje plynut\u00ed \u010dasu. Pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pozorovatele se zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u010das se bl\u00edzko horizontu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed zpomaluje. Kdy\u017e se objekt p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k horizontu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se jeho pohyb zpomaluje a nikdy nedos\u00e1hne horizontu v kone\u010dn\u00e9m \u010dase. To by mohlo v\u00e9st k my\u0161lence, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 zhroucen\u00ed hv\u011bzdy do singularity by mohlo b\u00fdt z pohledu vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pozorovatele \u201ezmrazeno\u201c v \u010dase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>My\u0161lenka \u201ezmrazen\u00e9ho\u201c kolapsu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hypot\u00e9za vych\u00e1z\u00ed z toho, \u017ee pokud by \u010das v bl\u00edzkosti \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry zpomaloval nekone\u010dn\u011b, pak by samotn\u00e9 zhroucen\u00ed hv\u011bzdy do singularity mohlo b\u00fdt z pohledu vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pozorovatele nekone\u010dn\u011b prodlou\u017eeno. To by znamenalo, \u017ee singularity by nikdy nebylo dosa\u017eeno, proto\u017ee by to trvalo nekone\u010dn\u011b dlouho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>Probl\u00e9m singularity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Singularita je bod nekone\u010dn\u00e9 hustoty a nekone\u010dn\u00e9 gravitace, kde z\u00e1kony fyziky, jak je zn\u00e1me, p\u0159est\u00e1vaj\u00ed platit. Mnoho fyzik\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee singularita je sp\u00ed\u0161e zn\u00e1mkou nedostatku na\u0161eho sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho porozum\u011bn\u00ed, ne\u017e re\u00e1ln\u00fdm fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm jevem. My\u0161lenka <strong>zmrazen\u00e9ho kolapsu<\/strong> by mohla b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm z mo\u017en\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak se vyhnout singularit\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>N\u00e1vrh modelu chov\u00e1n\u00ed hv\u011bzdy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud bychom cht\u011bli vytvo\u0159it model hv\u011bzdy, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed kritickou velikost, ale nedojde k singularit\u011b kv\u016fli nekone\u010dn\u00e9mu zpomalen\u00ed \u010dasu, mohli bychom uva\u017eovat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>F\u00e1zov\u00fd p\u0159echod \u010dasu:<\/strong> P\u0159i zhroucen\u00ed hv\u011bzdy by \u010das v bl\u00edzkosti j\u00e1dra hv\u011bzdy za\u010dal zpomalovat natolik, \u017ee by se zhroucen\u00ed zastavilo. Hv\u011bzda by se tak dostala do stavu, kdy by se jej\u00ed j\u00e1dro st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159ibli\u017eovalo singularit\u011b, ale nikdy by j\u00ed nedos\u00e1hlo. Tento stav by mohl b\u00fdt pops\u00e1n jako \u201ezmrazen\u00fd kolaps\u201c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kvantov\u00e9 efekty:<\/strong> V extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch by mohly hr\u00e1t roli kvantov\u00e9 efekty, kter\u00e9 by zabr\u00e1nily vzniku singularity. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kvantov\u00e1 gravitace nebo efekty jako je Hawkingovo z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed by mohly v\u00e9st k tomu, \u017ee hv\u011bzda by se nikdy \u00fapln\u011b nezhroutila do singularity, ale m\u00edsto toho by se dostala do stabiln\u00edho stavu, kde by gravita\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly byly vyv\u00e1\u017eeny kvantov\u00fdmi efekty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Holografick\u00fd princip:<\/strong> Podle holografick\u00e9ho principu by informace o hmot\u011b, kter\u00e1 spadne do \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, mohla b\u00fdt ulo\u017eena na jej\u00edm horizontu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. To by mohlo znamenat, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 singularita by nemusela existovat, proto\u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e1 informace by byla \u201erozmazan\u00e1\u201c po povrchu horizontu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud by se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee singularita skute\u010dn\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee vzniknout kv\u016fli nekone\u010dn\u00e9mu zpomalen\u00ed \u010dasu, znamenalo by to revoluci v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br a obecn\u00e9 teorie relativity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u010cas a gravitace v okol\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry Podle obecn\u00e9 teorie relativity siln\u00e1 gravitace kolem \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje plynut\u00ed \u010dasu. Pro vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pozorovatele se zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u010das se bl\u00edzko horizontu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed zpomaluje. Kdy\u017e se objekt p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k horizontu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":239,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77,60],"tags":[133,138,136,137],"class_list":["post-233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologie","category-vzdelavani","tag-fyzika","tag-napady","tag-uvaha-2","tag-zajimavosti-2"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Black_hole_-_Messier_87_crop_max_res-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C2560&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=233"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":241,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/233\/revisions\/241"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/239"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=233"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}