{"id":106,"date":"2023-01-31T10:08:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-31T09:08:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/?p=106"},"modified":"2024-12-31T10:09:57","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T09:09:57","slug":"co-je-php-a-proc-je-stale-popularni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/technologie\/co-je-php-a-proc-je-stale-popularni\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je PHP a pro\u010d je st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rn\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

PHP je jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f pro v\u00fdvoj webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. N\u00e1zev PHP p\u016fvodn\u011b znamenal „Personal Home Page“, dnes v\u0161ak stoj\u00ed za zkratkou „PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor“. Tento serverov\u00fd jazyk byl navr\u017een tak, aby usnadnil vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dynamick\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, tedy takov\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 mohou m\u011bnit sv\u016fj obsah v z\u00e1vislosti na u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch nebo jin\u00fdch faktorech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d je PHP d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

PHP se objevilo v roce 1995 a od t\u00e9 doby pro\u0161lo v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u00fdvojem. Jednou z jeho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdhod je jednoduchost a n\u00edzk\u00e1 vstupn\u00ed bari\u00e9ra. D\u00edky tomu je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed program\u00e1tory. Krom\u011b toho je PHP open-source, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je zdarma dostupn\u00e9 a m\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hlou komunitu, kter\u00e1 neust\u00e1le p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k jeho rozvoji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak PHP funguje?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Na rozd\u00edl od HTML nebo JavaScriptu, kter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di, PHP b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na serveru. Kdy\u017e u\u017eivatel po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o str\u00e1nku napsanou v PHP, server ji nejprve zpracuje a v\u00fdsledn\u00fd v\u00fdstup (obvykle HTML) ode\u0161le do prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad k\u00f3d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<?php\necho \"Dnes je: \" . date(\"d.m.Y\");\n?><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
na serveru vygeneruje HTML:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dnes je: 30.12.2024<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Tento p\u0159\u00edstup umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159et weby, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 vstupy nebo na\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed data z datab\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kde se PHP pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
PHP je \u010dasto spojov\u00e1no s webov\u00fdmi platformami jako WordPress, Drupal nebo Joomla, kter\u00e9 jsou postaveny na tomto jazyce. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se tak\u00e9 pro v\u00fdvoj vlastn\u00edch webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed, od jednoduch\u00fdch formul\u00e1\u0159\u016f po komplexn\u00ed e-shopy nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • E-shopy: PHP m\u016f\u017ee generovat katalog produkt\u016f, spravovat u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty nebo zpracov\u00e1vat objedn\u00e1vky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Blogy: D\u00edky PHP m\u016f\u017eete snadno spravovat a zobrazovat obsah.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • API: PHP \u010dasto slou\u017e\u00ed jako backend pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace, kter\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed p\u0159es REST nebo GraphQL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    Jednoduch\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00ed PHP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Uva\u017eujme jednoduchou aplikaci, kter\u00e1 zobrazuje, zda je dnes v\u00edkend:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    <?php\n$den = date(\"l\"); \/\/ Z\u00edsk\u00e1 aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed den v t\u00fddnu (nap\u0159. \"Monday\")\nif ($den == \"Saturday\" || $den == \"Sunday\") {\n    echo \"Dnes je v\u00edkend!\";\n} else {\n    echo \"Dnes je pracovn\u00ed den.\";\n}\n?><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Pokud je dnes pond\u011bl\u00ed, v\u00fdstupem bude:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Dnes je pracovn\u00ed den.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    V\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody PHP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    V\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Snadn\u00e9 na nau\u010den\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Velk\u00e1 komunita a mno\u017estv\u00ed knihoven.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Dobr\u00e1 podpora pro pr\u00e1ci s datab\u00e1zemi (nap\u0159. MySQL).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Skv\u011bl\u00e1 integrace s webov\u00fdmi servery jako Apache nebo Nginx.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      Nev\u00fdhody:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 jednoduchosti m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt snadno zneu\u017eito nezku\u0161en\u00fdmi program\u00e1tory, co\u017e vede k bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm probl\u00e9m\u016fm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee PHP je m\u00e9n\u011b „modern\u00ed“ ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi jazyky, jako je Python nebo JavaScript.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        Jak za\u010d\u00edt s PHP?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        1. Instalace:<\/strong> Nainstalujte si bal\u00edk jako XAMPP nebo WAMP, kter\u00fd obsahuje PHP, MySQL a Apache.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. Editor:<\/strong> Vyberte si textov\u00fd editor, nap\u0159. VS Code, kter\u00fd podporuje zv\u00fdrazn\u011bn\u00ed syntaxe PHP.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. Prvn\u00ed skript:<\/strong> Vytvo\u0159te soubor index.php<\/code> a zkuste jednoduch\u00fd k\u00f3d, nap\u0159.:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
          <?php\necho \"Hello, world!\";\n?><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          1. Prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed:<\/strong> Ulo\u017ete soubor do slo\u017eky serveru (nap\u0159. htdocs<\/code>) a otev\u0159ete jej v prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
            PHP je st\u00e1le relevantn\u00ed a obl\u00edbenou volbou pro mnoho v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f. I kdy\u017e existuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 technologie, jeho jednoduchost a robustnost z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed jazyk pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy projekt\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
            PHP je jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch programovac\u00edch jazyk\u016f pro v\u00fdvoj webov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed. N\u00e1zev PHP p\u016fvodn\u011b znamenal „Personal Home Page“, dnes v\u0161ak stoj\u00ed za zkratkou „PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor“. Tento serverov\u00fd jazyk byl navr\u017een tak, aby usnadnil vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dynamick\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[47,10,49,50,48],"class_list":["post-106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technologie","tag-php","tag-php8","tag-programovani","tag-vyvoj","tag-webdesign"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":107,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106\/revisions\/107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/josefnemec.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}